AI exposure by occupation, O*NET 23-1021.00
Will AI replace Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers?
Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers: AI can already handle 14 of 14 tasks; the work mostly needs a frontier-tier model.
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Every task, scored
The 14 tasks O*NET 30.3 lists for Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers, from most to least exposed. 14 reach 60 or more, the level at which AI already handles a task.
| Task | AI exposure | Evidence | Model tier |
|---|---|---|---|
| Determine existence and amount of liability according to current laws, administrative and judicial precedents, and available evidence. | Estimated | Frontier | |
| Monitor and direct the activities of trials and hearings to ensure that they are conducted fairly and that courts administer justice while safeguarding the legal rights of all involved parties. | Estimated | Frontier | |
| Prepare written opinions and decisions. | Estimated | Standard | |
| Authorize payment of valid claims and determine method of payment. | Estimated | Frontier | |
| Rule on exceptions, motions, and admissibility of evidence. | Estimated | Frontier | |
| Explain to claimants how they can appeal rulings that go against them. | Estimated | Frontier | |
| Schedule hearings. | Estimated | Frontier | |
| Confer with individuals or organizations involved in cases to obtain relevant information. | Estimated | Efficient | |
| Issue subpoenas and administer oaths in preparation for formal hearings. | Estimated | Efficient | |
| Conduct studies of appeals procedures in field agencies to ensure adherence to legal requirements and to facilitate determination of cases. | Estimated | Efficient | |
| Conduct hearings to review and decide claims regarding issues, such as social program eligibility, environmental protection, or enforcement of health and safety regulations. | Estimated | Efficient | |
| Review and evaluate data on documents, such as claim applications, birth or death certificates, or physician or employer records. | Estimated | Efficient | |
| Research and analyze laws, regulations, policies, and precedent decisions to prepare for hearings and to determine conclusions. | Observed | Efficient | |
| Recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims or compromise settlements according to laws, regulations, policies, and precedent decisions. | Estimated | Frontier |
Observed: scored from AI use recorded in the Anthropic Economic Index (June 2026 release), 1 of 14 tasks. Estimated: scored from the task's O*NET 30.3 work activity, 13 of 14. Importance is O*NET's 1 to 5 rating of how central the task is. Model tier is the lowest tier that can do the task under the published rubric; "No tier" marks hands-on work.
The model tier this role needs
A frontier-tier model or lower covers 100% of the role's importance-weighted task work. 100% of the work is something AI can address at some tier.
Efficient, standard and frontier tiers come from the JobRoute model tier reference. The recommended tier is the lowest one that covers 80% of the work AI can address. How the method works.
Wages, employment and outlook
- US employment
- 16,370
- Median annual wage
- $117,860
- Middle half of earners
- $81,140 to $159,680
- Projected change, 2024 to 2034
- -0.7%
Employment and wages: BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025, national. Projection: BLS Employment Projections 2024 to 2034.
Adjacent roles
The occupations that reuse the most of this role's skills, with the usual time to move. These are the first places to look when you plan to redeploy or retrain people in this role.
- Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates 70% skill overlap, about 11 months to move Exposure34
- Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators 62% skill overlap, about 14 months to move Exposure38
- Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 60% skill overlap, about 14 months to move Exposure69
- Judicial Law Clerks 59% skill overlap, about 15 months to move Exposure64
- Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants 57% skill overlap, about 16 months to move Exposure66
Skill overlap and transition time from the JobRoute role adjacency graph on O*NET 30.3 skills.
Questions about Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers and AI
Will AI replace Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers?
AI already handles 14 of the 14 tasks O*NET lists for this occupation, at a task exposure of 60 or more, and the role's importance-weighted exposure is 72 out of 100. JobRoute scores tasks, not whole jobs, so the score shows how much of the work changes rather than whether the job disappears. BLS projects employment to change by -0.7% from 2024 to 2034.
What is the AI exposure of Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers?
72 out of 100 on JobRoute's task exposure measure, the importance-weighted average of the role's O*NET task scores. Higher means more of the work is AI-doable today. 1 of the 14 task scores are observed in the Anthropic Economic Index (June 2026 release), and the other 13 are estimated from each task's O*NET work activity.
Which Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers tasks can AI already do?
The tasks with the highest exposure are: Determine existence and amount of liability according to current laws, administrative and judicial precedents, and available evidence; Monitor and direct the activities of trials and hearings to ensure that they are conducted fairly and that courts administer justice while safeguarding the legal rights of all involved parties; Prepare written opinions and decisions. They are three of the 14 tasks that reach 60 or more.
What AI model tier does this role need?
A frontier-tier model or lower covers 100% of the role's importance-weighted task work. JobRoute assigns each task the lowest tier that can do it under a published rubric and recommends the lowest tier that covers 80% of the work AI can address.
How many people work as Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers, and what do they earn?
16,370 people in the United States, with a median annual wage of $117,860 (BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025). BLS Employment Projections expect a change of -0.7% from 2024 to 2034.
How to cite
Data version 2026-11-02, JobRoute method v1.0.0. Download all occupations or this occupation as JSON. Methodology.
JobRoute (2026). AI exposure: Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers. Data version 2026-11-02, method v1.0.0. Built on O*NET 30.3, BLS OEWS May 2025 and the Anthropic Economic Index (June 2026). CC BY 4.0. https://www.jobroute.ai/jobs/administrative-law-judges-adjudicators-and-hearing-officers
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